Choosing Wisely: Pros and Cons of Hormonal and Non-Hormonal Birth Control

In the expansive landscape of birth control options, individuals still face a big decision at the outset: choosing between hormonal and non-hormonal methods. Both contraceptive methods work differently and affect the body in different ways, so it’s important to understand the basics before making the call. In this article, we delve into the differences, types, and benefits/drawbacks of hormonal vs. non-hormonal birth control while offering up a few insights along the way to help you make the best choice about which kind of birth control is best for you.

Differences between hormonal and non-hormonal birth control

The fundamental distinction between hormonal and non-hormonal birth control lies in the mechanism by which they prevent pregnancy. Hormonal methods, as the name suggests, use synthetic hormones like estrogen and progestin to affect the body in three basic ways: they prevent ovulation, they thicken cervical mucus (making it hard for sperm to reach the egg), and they change the uterus lining, which makes it difficult for a fertilized egg to implant. On the other hand, non-hormonal methods don’t impact a person’s hormones. Instead, they either create a barrier that prevents sperm from reaching the egg or include chemicals that kill or immobilize sperm.

Types of hormonal and non-hormonal birth control

Hormonal:

• Pills: Oral contraceptives, which are taken daily, contain synthetic hormones (estrogen and progestin) that inhibit ovulation.
• Patches: Transdermal patches, which are applied weekly, gradually release hormones through the skin to prevent pregnancy.
• Injections: These are administered in-office about four times per year, injections provide sustained contraception.
• Implants: Small, rod-shaped devices inserted under the skin release hormones gradually over three to five years.
• Vaginal Ring: You insert a ring into your vagina each month, and it gradually releases protective hormones.
• Hormonal IUD: A healthcare provider inserts this into the uterus, where it slowly releases hormones over several (3-8) years depending on the brand.

Non-Hormonal:

• Male Condoms: This barrier method prevents sperm from reaching the egg.
• Female Condoms: A pouch you put into your vagina, it works just like a male condom, preventing sperm from entering your uterus.
• Diaphragms: Another barrier method, diaphragms are dome-shaped devices inserted in the vagina to cover the cervix and block sperm from reaching the egg.
• Sponge: A foam device that works like a diaphragm but contains spermicide.
• Copper IUDs: This intrauterine device releases copper, which inhibits sperm mobility. If fertilization does occur, this IUD can keep the fertilized egg from attaching to the uterus walls.
• Spermicides: Chemical substances that kill or immobilize sperm, often used with other non-hormonal methods, like diaphragms.
• Vaginal Gel: This is a substance you place inside your vagina before having sex to change the pH level and prevent sperm from making it to the reproductive canal. Like spermicides, vaginal gel should be used with another form of birth control.
• Cervical Cap: This device fits over your cervix to stop sperm from entering. It should be used with another birth control method.

Benefits and drawbacks of hormonal and non-hormonal birth control

Benefits of hormonal birth control

• Hormonal methods, such as birth control pills, patches, injections, and implants boast high effectiveness rates when used correctly and consistently.
• Many hormonal contraceptives contribute to more predictable and less precarious menstrual cycles, providing relief for people experiencing irregular or painful periods.
• Hormonal birth control can often alleviate symptoms associated with periods, like cramps, bloating, and mood swings.
• Reduced pain during ovulation.
• No interruption of foreplay or intercourse.
• Reduced risk of developing certain health conditions, including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), fibrocystic breast changes, ovarian cysts, ovarian cancer, and endometrial cancer. Hormonal birth control is also a first-line treatment for endometriosis.

Drawbacks of hormonal birth control

• Hormone-based birth control may come with side effects, like nausea, headaches, breast tenderness, and changes in desire.
• Certain hormonal birth control methods, especially if they contain estrogen, may elevate the risk of blood clots and cardiovascular issues. This is especially true if you smoke while taking this form of birth control.
• To be effective, hormonal contraceptives require strict adherence to a daily or periodic schedule, which can pose challenges for some users.
• Hormonal birth control won’t protect you or your partner from STDs.
• Injections, implants, and IUDs require an office visit and procedure. Patches may irritate the skin and can be adversely affected by exposure to high heat or direct sunlight.

Benefits of non-hormonal birth control

• Non-hormonal methods, such as condoms, diaphragms, and copper IUDs don’t interfere with the body’s natural hormonal balance.
• Unlike hormonal methods, non-hormonal birth control doesn’t entail a delay in fertility once discontinued.
• Some methods, especially barrier methods like condoms, reduce the risk of STDs.
• Non-hormonal methods can be used on an ‘as-needed’ basis.

Drawbacks of non-hormonal birth control

• Non-hormonal birth control, while effective, may have slightly higher failure rates compared to hormonal options. However, copper IUDs are actually the most effective form of birth control on the market.
• Spermicides may cause irritation; latex condoms might cause allergies.
• Copper IUDs may lead to increased menstrual flow and cramping – although these side effects tend to dissipate after a few months following placement.
• Can interrupt foreplay and intercourse.

Choosing the right birth control for you

Choosing the right birth control is a personal decision that involves individual preference, lifestyle, and health considerations. Your healthcare provider should be well-versed in having this discussion and helping you along the right path to picking the best birth control method for your unique needs.

Things to consider when choosing a birth control method:

• Health History: People with certain medical conditions, such as high blood pressure or a history of blood clots, may be advised against hormonal methods. Remember: Estrogen can increase the risk of developing blood clots.
• Frequency of Sexual Activity: Individuals having regular sex may find daily hormonal methods (birth control pills) or non-hormonal options, like condoms, to be overly cumbersome. Long-acting IUDs, shots, or implants might be a better way to go.
• Family Planning Goals: Couples with short-term family planning goals may opt for instantly reversible methods, like condoms, while those seeking long-term contraception might lean toward implants or IUDs.
• Tolerance for Side Effects: A frank conversation with your provider can guide the decision-making process.

In the intricate tapestry of birth control options, the choice between hormonal and non-hormonal methods is a highly personal one. Understanding the differences, benefits, and drawbacks of each category empowers individuals to make informed decisions that align with their unique needs and circumstances. As the landscape of contraception continues to evolve, ongoing conversations with healthcare providers and advancements in contraceptive technologies contribute to a more nuanced and individualized approach to family planning. With so much to consider, speaking with a healthcare professional before beginning any contraceptive plan is essential.